{"id":147,"date":"2017-07-04T15:30:32","date_gmt":"2017-07-04T15:30:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/newdelhihosting.co.in\/blog\/?p=147"},"modified":"2024-10-22T10:48:02","modified_gmt":"2024-10-22T10:48:02","slug":"basic-commands","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newdelhihosting.co.in\/blog\/basic-commands\/","title":{"rendered":"A-Z Linux commands"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 There are Countless number of commands in linux.In this article,we will introduce you a list of most frequently used Linux Commands with their examples for easy learning.For Basic Refer this link\u00a0COMMANDS<\/a>
\n[five_sixth]
\nA:-<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. adduser\/addgroup<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0To add a new user,you have to follow “useradd” or “adduser” with ‘Username’.The ‘Username’ is a user login name,this is used by user to login into the system.<\/p>\n

    useradd user<\/pre>\n
    2.alias<\/strong>
    \nThe bellow command will create an alias called home for \/home\/tecmint\/public_html directory.whenever you type home in the prompt,it will put you in the home\/folder\/public_html<\/p>\n
    alias home='home\/folder\/public_html<\/pre>\n
    3.anacron command<\/strong>
    \nIn contrast,cron allows job to run as often as every minute while anacron will remember the job(if system is down)and execute it when system is up.<\/p>\n
    4.apropos command<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0It is used to search the man page files in OS.It is particularly useul when searching for commands without knowing their exact names.<\/p>\n
    5.aptitude command<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0It is a Powerful text-based interface to Linux package management system.It can be used to install,remove,or upgrade software packages on a system.<\/p>\n
    sudo aptitude update<\/pre>\n
    6.arch command<\/strong>
    \narch ia a simple cmd for displaying about machine architecture or hardware name(like uname -m)
    \n7.arp command<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0It displays the kernel’s ipv4 network.ARP stands for Address Resolution Protocol,which is used to find the address of a network neighbor for a given IPV4 address.<\/p>\n
    8.at command<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 It is used to schedule task to run in a future time.It si alternative to cron and anacron.howerver it runs a task once at a given future time without editing \u00a0any config files.<\/p>\n
    For example,to shutdown the system at 22.50 today,run:<\/p>\n
    sudo echo \"shutdown -h now\" | at -m 22:50<\/pre>\n
    9.atq command<\/strong>
    \natq command is used to view jobs in at command queue:<\/p>\n
    $ atq<\/pre>\n
    10.atrm command<\/strong>
    \nIt is used to remove\/delete jobs from command queue:<\/p>\n
    $ atrm 2<\/pre>\n
    B:-<\/strong>
    \n1.batch Command \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \u00a0 \u00a0 It is also used to schedule task to run a future time,similar to the “at command”<\/strong><\/p>\n
    2.Basename Command<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0It helps to print the name os the file of directories in the absolute path<\/p>\n
    3.bc Command<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0bc ia a \u00a0simple CLI calculator language which can be used:<\/p>\n
    echo 10.05 + 10.00 | bc<\/pre>\n
    4.bg Command<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0It is used to send the process to the background.<\/p>\n
    tar -czf home.tar.gz.bgjobs<\/pre>\n
    5.bzip2 Command<\/strong>
    \nIt is used to compress or decompress files<\/p>\n
    bzip2 -z filename #compress<\/pre>\n
    C:-<\/strong>
    \n1.cal command<\/strong>
    \nCal cmd print a calendar on the standard output<\/p>\n
    cal<\/pre>\n
    2.cat command<\/strong>
    \nIt is used to view contents of a file and display it on standard output<\/p>\n
    cat file.txt<\/pre>\n
    3.chgrp command<\/strong>
    \nIt is used to change the group ownership of a file.provide the new group name as its first argument and the name of the file as the second argument like this<\/p>\n
    chgrp xxx user.txt<\/pre>\n
    4.chmod command<\/strong>
    \nIt is used to change\/update file access permissions like this<\/p>\n
    chmod +x sysinfo.sh<\/pre>\n
    5.chown command<\/strong>
    \nchown cmd changed\/updates the user and group ownership of a file like:<\/p>\n
    chown -R www-data:www-data \/var\/www\/html<\/pre>\n
    6.clear command<\/strong>
    \nClear cmd lets you clear the terminal screen,simply type<\/p>\n
    clear<\/pre>\n
    7.cmp command<\/strong>
    \nIt performs a byte-by-byte comparison of two files like this<\/p>\n
    cmp file1 file2<\/pre>\n
    8.comm command<\/strong>
    \nIt is used to compare two sorted files line by line as shown below<\/p>\n
    comm file1 file2<\/pre>\n
    9.cp command<\/strong>
    \nIt is used for copying files and directories from one location to another<\/p>\n
    cp \/home\/..\/file1 \u00a0\/home\/..\/personal\/<\/pre>\n
    D:-<\/strong>
    \n1.date command<\/strong>
    \nIt displays\/set the system date and time like<\/p>\n
    date\r\ndate --set=\"8 JUN 2027 12:00:00\"<\/pre>\n
    2.df command<\/strong>
    \nIT is used to show file system disk space usage a follows<\/p>\n
    df -h<\/pre>\n
    3.diff command<\/strong>
    \nIt is used to compare two files line by line.<\/p>\n
    diff file1 file 2<\/pre>\n
    4.dir command<\/strong>
    \nIt works like Linux ls command.It list the content of a directory<\/p>\n
    dir<\/pre>\n
    5.dmidecode command<\/strong>
    \nIt is a tool for retrieving hardware information of any linux system<\/p>\n
    sudo demidecode --type system<\/pre>\n
    6.du command<\/strong>
    \nIt is used to show disk space usage of files present in the directory as well as its sub-directories as follows<\/p>\n
    du \/home\/xxxx<\/pre>\n
    E:-<\/strong>
    \n1.echo command<\/strong>
    \nThis command prints a text of line provided to it.<\/p>\n
    echo \"This is VPS\"<\/pre>\n
    2.eject command<\/strong>
    \nIt is used to eject removable media such ad DVD\/CD ROM or floppy disk from the system<\/p>\n
    eject \/dev\/cdrom<\/pre>\n
    3.env command<\/strong>
    \nIt is list all the current environment variables and used to set them as well.<\/p>\n
    env<\/pre>\n
    4.exit command<\/strong>
    \nIt is used to exit a shell like so<\/p>\n
    exit<\/pre>\n
    5.expr command<\/strong>
    \nIt is used to an calculate an expression as shown below<\/p>\n
    expr 20+30<\/pre>\n
    F:-<\/strong>
    \n1.factor command<\/strong>
    \nIt is used to show the prime factors of a number<\/p>\n
    factor 10<\/pre>\n
    2.find command<\/strong>
    \nIt is used to search files in a directory as well as its sub-directoried. It searches for files by attributes such as permission,users,groups,file-type,date,size .<\/p>\n
    find \/home\/vps -nme vps.txt<\/pre>\n
    3.free command<\/strong>
    \nIT shows the system memory usage including swap space.”-h” options to display output in the human friendly format.<\/p>\n
    free -h<\/pre>\n
    G:-<\/strong><\/p>\n
    1.grep command<\/strong>
    \nThis command searches for special pattern in a file and displays in output lines containing that pattern as follows<\/p>\n
    grep 'vps' \u00a0*.txt<\/pre>\n
    2.group command<\/strong>
    \nIt displays all the names of groups a user is a part of like this<\/p>\n
    groups<\/pre>\n
    3.gzip command<\/strong>
    \nIt is helps to compress a file,replaces it with one having a .gz extension as shown below<\/p>\n
    gzip *.txt \r\ncat file1 filw2 | gzip>*.gz<\/pre>\n
    4.gunzip command<\/strong>
    \nIt expands or restore file compressed with gzip command like<\/p>\n
    gunzip *.gz<\/pre>\n
    H:-<\/strong><\/p>\n
    1.head command<\/strong>
    \nIt is used to show first lines(10 lines by default)of the specified file or stdin to the screen<\/p>\n
    ps -eo pid,ppid,cmd,%mem,%cpu --sort=-%mem | head<\/pre>\n
    2.histroy command<\/strong>
    \nIt is used to getinfo about command executed by a user<\/p>\n
    history<\/pre>\n
    3.hostname command<\/strong>
    \nIt is used to print or set system hostname in linux<\/p>\n
    hostname\r\nhostname NEW_HOSTNAME<\/pre>\n
    4.hostnameectl command<\/strong>
    \nIt is used to print or modify the system hostname and related settings<\/p>\n
    hostnamectl\r\nsudo hostnamectl set-hostname NEW_HOSTNAME<\/pre>\n
    5.hwclock<\/strong>
    \nIt is used to probe for the hardware present in a linux system like<\/p>\n
    sudo hwclock\r\nsudo hwclock --set --date 8\/06\/2017<\/pre>\n
    6.hwinfo command<\/strong><\/p>\n
    hwinfo<\/pre>\n
    I:-<\/strong>
    \n1.id command<\/strong>
    \nIt shows user and group information for the current ise name as shown below<\/p>\n
    id user<\/pre>\n
    2.ifconfig command<\/strong>
    \nIt s used to configure a linux system network interfaces.It is used to configure,view and control network interfaces<\/p>\n
    $ ifconfig\r\n$ sudo ifconfig eth0 up\r\n$ sudo ifconfig eth0 down\r\n$ sudo ifconfig eth0 172.16.25.125<\/pre>\n
    3.ionice command<\/strong>
    \nIt is used to set or view process I\/O scheduling class and priority of the specified process<\/p>\n
    $ ionice -c 3 rm \/var\/logs\/syslog\r\n<\/pre>\n
    4.iostat command<\/strong><\/p>\n
    iostat<\/pre>\n
    5.ip comand<\/strong><\/p>\n
    $ sudo ip addr add 192.168.56.10 dev eth1<\/pre>\n
    6.ip tables<\/strong><\/p>\n
    $ sudo iptables -L -n -v<\/pre>\n
    7.iw command<\/strong><\/p>\n
    $ iw list<\/pre>\n
    8.iwlist command<\/strong><\/p>\n
    $ iwlist wlp1s0 scanning<\/pre>\n
    K:-<\/strong><\/p>\n
    1.kill command<\/strong>
    \nIt is used ti kill a process using PID(Process ID) by sending a signal to it.<\/p>\n
    kill -15 pid<\/pre>\n
    2.killall command<\/strong>
    \nIt is used to kill process by its name<\/p>\n
    killall firefox<\/pre>\n
    3.kmod command<\/strong>
    \nIt is used to list all currently loaded modules.<\/p>\n
    kmod list<\/pre>\n
     <\/p>\n
    L:-<\/strong>
    \n1.last command<\/strong>
    \nIt display a listing of last logged users.<\/p>\n
    last<\/pre>\n
    2.locate command<\/strong>
    \nIt is used to find a file by name<\/p>\n
    locate file1 dir1<\/pre>\n
    3.login command<\/strong>
    \nIt is used to create a new session with the system.<\/p>\n
    sodo login<\/pre>\n
    4.ls command<\/strong>
    \nIt is used to list contents of directory.<\/p>\n
    ls -l file1\r\n<\/pre>\n
    5.lshw command<\/strong>
    \nIt is used to get detailed information of hardware configuration of the machine.<\/p>\n
    sudo lshw\r\n<\/pre>\n
    6.lscpu command<\/strong>
    \nIt is used to dislpay system’s CPU architecture information like cpu,threads,cores.<\/p>\n
    lscpu<\/pre>\n
    M:-<\/strong>
    \n1.man command<\/strong>
    \nIt is used to view the manual pages for commands\/programs like<\/p>\n
    man du\r\nman df<\/pre>\n
    2.mkdir command’more command<\/strong>
    \nIt is used to create single or more directories.<\/p>\n
    mkdir dirname<\/pre>\n
    3.mv command<\/strong>
    \nIt is useful to move a file from one location to another.<\/p>\n
    mv file.sh file1.sh<\/pre>\n
    N:-<\/strong>
    \n1.nano command<\/strong>
    \nIt is a popular,free and friendly text editor for linux.<\/p>\n
    nano file.txt<\/pre>\n
    2.nproc command<\/strong>
    \nIt shows the number of prcessing units present to the current process.<\/p>\n
    nproc<\/pre>\n
    O:-<\/strong><\/p>\n
      \n
    1. openssl command<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      It will create an archive of all the files in the current directory and encrypt the contents of the archive file.<\/p>\n
      $ tar -czf - * | openssl enc -e -aes256 -out backup.tar.gz<\/pre>\n
      P:-<\/strong>
      \n1.passwd command<\/strong>
      \npasswd command is used to create and update passwords for user accounts.Note that normal system users may only change the password of their own account, while root may modify the password for any account.<\/p>\n
      passwd vps<\/pre>\n
      2.pidof command<\/strong>
      \npidof displays the process ID of a running program\/command.<\/p>\n
      pidof init<\/pre>\n
      3.ping command<\/strong>
      \nping command is used to determine connectivity between hosts on a network<\/p>\n
      ping google.com<\/pre>\n
      4.pwd command<\/strong>
      \npwd command displays the name of current\/working directory as below.<\/p>\n
      pwd<\/pre>\n
      R:-<\/strong>
      \n1.reboot command<\/strong>
      \nreboot command reboot a system as follows<\/p>\n
      reboot<\/pre>\n
      2.rename command<\/strong>
      \nrename command is used to rename many files at once. If you have a collection of files with \u201c.html\u201d extension and you want to rename all of them with \u201c.php\u201d extension, you can type the command below.<\/p>\n
      $ rename 's\/\\.html$\/\\.php\/' *.html<\/pre>\n
      3.rm command<\/strong>
      \nrm command is used to remove files or directories<\/p>\n
      $ rm file1\r\n$ rm -rf my-files<\/pre>\n
      4.rmdir command<\/strong>
      \nrmdir command helps to delete\/remove empty directories<\/p>\n
      $ rmdir \/backup\/all<\/pre>\n
      S:-<\/strong>
      \n1.shutdown command<\/strong>
      \nIt schedules a time for the system to be powered down.<\/p>\n
      shutdown --poweroff<\/pre>\n
      2.sleep command<\/strong>
      \nIt is used to delay for specified amount of time<\/p>\n
      $ check.sh; sleep 5; sudo apt update\r\n<\/pre>\n
      3.split command<\/strong>
      \nIt is used to split the large file in to small file
      \n4.stat command<\/strong>
      \nIt is used to show a file or file system status like this<\/p>\n
      stat file1<\/pre>\n
      T:-<\/strong>
      \n1.tac command<\/strong>
      \nThis command concatenates and displays files in reverse.Its simply prints each file to standard output,showing last line first.<\/p>\n
      tac file.txt<\/pre>\n
      2.tail command<\/strong>
      \nIt is used to display the last(default 10 lines)line of each file to standard output
      \n3.talk command<\/strong>
      \nIt is used to talk to another system\/network user.<\/p>\n
      $ talk person [name]<\/pre>\n
      4.tar command<\/strong>
      \nIt is for archiving file in linux<\/p>\n
      \u00a0$ tar -czf home.tar.gz .<\/pre>\n
      5.time command<\/strong>
      \nIts runs programs \u00a0system resource usage<\/p>\n
      $ time wc \/etc\/hosts<\/pre>\n
      6.touch command<\/strong>
      \nIt is used to create a file.<\/p>\n
      touch file.txt<\/pre>\n
      U:-<\/strong>
      \n1.uname command<\/strong>
      \nIt display system information such us OS,Hostname,Kernel name,releases and etc.<\/p>\n
      uname<\/pre>\n
      2.uniq command<\/strong>
      \nIt displays repeated lines from standard input.
      \n3.uptime command<\/strong>
      \nIt shows how long the system has been running<\/p>\n
      uptime<\/pre>\n
      4.users command<\/strong>
      \nIt shows the usernames of the users logged into the current host like<\/p>\n
      users<\/pre>\n
      V:-<\/strong>
      \nvim\/vi command
      \nIt is used to edit all kind of plain text and program files.<\/p>\n
      vim file<\/pre>\n
      W:-<\/strong>
      \nw command<\/strong>
      \nIt display the system uptime,load avf and information about the users currently on the machine like<\/p>\n
      w<\/pre>\n
      wall command<\/strong>
      \nIt is used to send\/displays a messages to all the users on the system as follows<\/p>\n
      wall \"Hai all\"<\/pre>\n
      watch command<\/strong>
      \nIt is used to watch changes to a file\/directory.<\/p>\n
      watch -d ls -l<\/pre>\n
      wc command<\/strong>
      \nIt is used to display newline,word,and byte counts for each file specified.<\/p>\n
      wc filename<\/pre>\n
      wget command<\/strong>
      \nIt is used to download files from the web.<\/p>\n
      wget http:\/\/wordpress.org\/latest.tar.gz<\/a><\/u><\/pre>\n
      which command<\/strong>
      \nIt display the absolute path of files<\/p>\n
      which who<\/pre>\n
      who command<\/strong>
      \nIt shows the information about the user.<\/p>\n
      who<\/pre>\n
      whereis command<\/strong>
      \nIt helps up locate the binary,source and manual files for commands
      \nX:-<\/strong><\/p>\n
        \n
      1. xargs command<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        It is useful utility for reading items from the standard input.<\/p>\n
        Y:-<\/strong><\/p>\n
          \n
        1. yes command<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          It is uesd to display a string repeatedly until when terminated or killed using “cntrl+C”as follows<\/p>\n
          $ yes \"This is-Learn<\/pre>\n
          2.youtube-dl command<\/strong>
          \nIt is light weight command line programe t download videos<\/p>\n
          $ youtube-dl --list-formats https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=iR<\/pre>\n
          Z:-<\/strong>
          \n1.zcmp\/zdiff command<\/strong>
          \nIt is used to compare compressed files as shown below.<\/p>\n
          $ zcmp domain-list.txt.zip basic_passwords.txt.zip\r\n$ zdiff domain-list.txt.zip basic_passwords.txt.zip<\/pre>\n
          2.zip command<\/strong>
          \nIt is silmple and easy to use utility used to package and compress files<\/p>\n
          \"tar cvzf \u00a0*.tar.gz dirname\/\"<\/pre>\n
          3.zz command<\/strong>
          \nThis offers quick access to files and directories in linux.<\/p>\n
          zz<\/pre>\n
          [\/five_sixth]On this Page<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          A<\/a><\/td>\nB<\/a><\/td>\nC<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          D<\/a><\/td>\nE<\/a><\/td>\nF<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          G<\/a><\/td>\nH<\/a><\/td>\nI<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          K<\/a><\/td>\nL<\/a><\/td>\nM<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          N<\/a><\/td>\nO<\/a><\/td>\nP<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          R<\/a><\/td>\nS<\/a><\/td>\nT<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          U<\/a><\/td>\nV<\/a><\/td>\nW<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          X<\/a><\/td>\nY<\/a><\/td>\nZ<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
           <\/p>\n
           <\/p>\n
           <\/p>\n
           <\/p>\n
           <\/p>\n
           <\/p>\n
           <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
          \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 There are Countless number of commands in linux.In this article,we will introduce you a list of most frequently used Linux Commands with their examples for easy learning.For Basic Refer this link\u00a0COMMANDS [five_sixth] A:- adduser\/addgroup \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0To add a new user,you have to follow “useradd” or “adduser” with ‘Username’.The ‘Username’ is…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":448,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-147","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vps"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.newdelhihosting.co.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/a-z-1.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newdelhihosting.co.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/147"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newdelhihosting.co.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newdelhihosting.co.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newdelhihosting.co.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newdelhihosting.co.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=147"}],"version-history":[{"count":68,"href":"https:\/\/www.newdelhihosting.co.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/147\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":712,"href":"https:\/\/www.newdelhihosting.co.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/147\/revisions\/712"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newdelhihosting.co.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/448"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newdelhihosting.co.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=147"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newdelhihosting.co.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=147"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newdelhihosting.co.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=147"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}